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Victim: Eric Garner

Perpetrator

Victim

Date:

2014-07-17

Location:

Staten Island, New York


What happened:

On July 17, 2014, Eric Garner died in Staten Island, New York City, after a New York City Police Department (NYPD) officer Pantaleo put him in a headlock or chokehold for about 15 to 19 seconds while arresting him. Placing suspects in a chokehold is a tactic banned by the department since 1993. Officer Pantaleo denied choking Garner, but the New York City Medical Examiner’s Office report stated “Cause of Death: Compression of neck (choke hold), compression of chest and prone positioning during physical restraint by police” and “Contributing Conditions: Acute and chronic bronchial asthma; Obesity; Hypertensive cardiovascular disease”. The medical examiner ruled Garner’s death a homicide–“a death caused by the intentional actions of another person or persons, which is not necessarily an intentional death or a criminal death.” 

NYPD officers approached Garner on suspicion of selling single cigarettes from packs without tax stamps. After Garner told the police that he was tired of being harassed and that he was not selling cigarettes, the officers went to arrest Garner. When officer Daniel Pantaleo tried to take Garner’s wrist behind his back, Garner pulled his arms away. Pantaleo then put his arm around Garner’s neck and took him down onto the ground. After Pantaleo removed his arm from Garner’s neck, he pushed the side of Garner’s face into the ground while four officers moved to restrain Garner, who repeated “I can’t breathe” eleven times while lying face down on the sidewalk. After Garner lost consciousness, officers turned him onto his side to ease his breathing. Garner remained lying on the sidewalk for seven minutes while the officers waited for an ambulance to arrive.

The officers and emergency medical technicians did not perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on Garner at the scene; according to a spokesman for the PBA, this was because they believed that Garner was breathing and that it would be improper to perform CPR on someone who was still breathing. He was pronounced dead at the hospital approximately one hour later.


About The Perpetrator:

Daniel Pantaleo is a White male.

At the time of Eric Garner’s death, Pantaleo was 29 years of age, was living in Eltingville, Staten Island, and had been an NYC officer of 8 years.  Pantaleo was the subject of 2 civil rights lawsuits in 2013 where plaintiffs accused Pantaleo of falsely arresting them and abusing them.

 

In the first suit, two men, Darren Collins and Tommy Rice, claimed Pantaleo and other officers stopped and strip-searched them in broad daylight while they were driving. The officers handcuffed Collins and Rice and “Pantaleo and/or Conca pulled down the plaintiff’s pants and underwear, and touched and searched their genital areas, or stood by while this was done in their presence,” the lawsuit alleged. The plaintiffs allege that Pantaleo had falsely claimed that he saw crack and heroin in plain view, on the vehicle’s back seat, allowing the officers to arrest everyone in the car.  The two men each received $15,000 settlements from the city.

 

Pantaleo moved from his home after Garner’s death due to death threats.


About The Victim:

Eric Garner was an African American male and was 43 years of age at the time of his death. He was also asthmatic and a father of six.


Outcome:

On December 3, 2014, the Richmond County grand jury decided not to indict Pantaleo. On that day, the United States Department of Justice announced it would conduct an independent investigation. The event stirred public protests and rallies, with charges of police brutality made by protesters. By December 28, 2014, at least 50 demonstrations had been held nationwide specifically for Garner while hundreds of demonstrations against general police brutality counted Garner as a focal point.
On July 13, 2015, an out-of-court settlement was announced in which the City of New York would pay the Garner family $5.9 million.
Sources:
https://nypost.com/2014/07/18/man-dies-after-suffering-heart-attack-during-arrest/
http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brooklyn/funeral-today-eric-garner-article-1.1877381

EXCLUSIVE DOCUMENTS: The disturbing secret history of the NYPD officer who killed Eric Garner


Sources:

man Dies After Suffering Heart Attack During Arrest;  Relatives, Friends Say Goodbye To Eric Garner;  ; 

Victim: Mike Brown

Perpetrator

Victim

Date:

2014-08-09

Location:

Ferguson, Missouri


What happened:

Brown, an 18-year-old African American, was a suspect in a “strong-arm” robbery of a convenience store. Brown was fatally shot by Darren Wilson, a 28-year-old white police officer in an encounter that took place a short distance away from the convenience store, several minutes after Officer Wilson received a radio alert which included a description of a suspect. Brown was accompanied by his friend Dorian Johnson who was 22. Wilson said that an altercation ensued when Brown attacked Wilson in his police vehicle for control of Wilson’s gun until it was fired. Brown and Johnson then fled, with Wilson in pursuit of Brown. In the entire altercation, Wilson fired a total of twelve bullets.


About The Perpetrator:

Darren Dean Wilson is a white man.  He was born in Fort Worth, Texas on May 14, 1986. He lives in Crestwood, Missouri, southwest of Ferguson and was 28 years old when he murdered 18 year old Mike Brown. Wilson had only been a police officer for 6 years First spent 2 years in Jennings, Missouri. Wilson had no previous disciplinary actions on his record although his first department was so dysfunctional all officers were fired.


About The Victim:

Michael Brown was an African American male, murdered on August 9th, 2014. At the time of his death, he was 18 years old, was 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) tall, and weighed 292 lb (132 kg). He graduated from Normandy High School in St. Louis County eight days before his death and was two days from starting a training program for heating and air conditioning repair at Vatterott College technical school.


Outcome:

The shooting sparked great unrest in Ferguson. Although a subsequent FBI investigation found that there was no evidence that Brown had his hands up in surrender or said “don’t shoot” before he was shot, protesters believed that he had done so, and used the slogan, “Hands up, don’t shoot.” in protest. Protests, both peaceful and violent, continued for more than a week in Ferguson resulting in police establishing a nightly curfew. The response of area police agencies in dealing with the protests was strongly criticized by the media and politicians. There were concerns over insensitivity, tactics, and a militarized response. Missouri Governor Jay Nixon ordered local police organizations to cede much of their authority to the Missouri State Highway Patrol.

 

A grand jury was called by Robert McCulloch, the St. Louis County Prosecutor, and was given extensive evidence. On November 24, 2014, McCulloch announced the St. Louis County grand jury had decided not to indict Wilson. On March 4, 2015, the U.S. Department of Justice reported it had concluded its own investigation and cleared Wilson of civil rights violations in the shooting. It found forensic evidence supported the officer’s account, that witnesses who corroborated the officer’s account were credible, and that witnesses who had incriminated him were not credible, with some admitting they had not directly seen the events. The U.S. Department of Justice concluded Wilson shot Brown in self-defense.


Sources:

Michael Brown Robbed Convenience Store, Stole Cigarillos Before Darren Wilson Shooting;  Michael Brown Shooting: What Darren Wilson Told the Ferguson Grand Jury;  Gunshots, Looting After Grand Jury In Ferguson Case Does Not Indict;  DOJ Report;